European Coal and Steel Community

The European Coal and Steel Community has been called &quote;a new structure in the marches between internal and international law. &quote; 1 To describe this new type of structure the term &quote;supra- national&quote; has found increasing usage. Supranational organs have been defined as standing &quote;midway between 'international' and federal organs. &quote; International organizations - such as the United Nations or the Council of Europe - are based on the &quote;sovereign equality&quote; of their members and non-intervention in domestic affairs; they are really at the intergovernmental level. Supra- national organs transcend international organizations in both these respects without, however, constituting a federal state. They are based &quote;not on a mere restriction, but on a transfer of [national] sovereignty, but a transfer of sovereignty in a particu- lar area only. &quote; 2 This pilot experiment in supranational organization is of twofold importance. In the first place, although operating on a regional level only, it could teach valuable lessons concerning future attempts at world organization through the &quote;functional approach. &quote; In Prof. Mitrany's words, national divisions must be overlaid &quote;with a spreading web of international activities and agencies, in which and through which the interests and life of all the nations would be gradually integrated. &quote; 3 The Coal and Steel Community could be an excellent testing ground for the develop- ment of an international community, growing from the satis- faction of common needs which people of different nations share.