Learning User-Adapted Strategies in Conversational Recommender Systems

This book introduces, describes and validates a novel technology for Conversational Recommender Systems (CRSs). It is targeted for researchers, teachers and students related to the fields of Machine Learning and/or E-commerce. Specifically, CRSs are intelligent E-commerce applications that assist users by supporting an interactive recommendation process. To this end, CRSs employ some type of a recommendation strategy, i.e., a specification of the system behavior. Typically, this strategy is pre-determined in advance and hard-coded inside the system, thus making it possibly non-adapted to the dynamic needs of the users. The technology presented in this book allows CRSs to autonomously learn the optimal (best) strategy for a given recommendation context, from amongst a set of available ones. The optimal strategy is best adapted to the users' needs, and is learned using Reinforcement Learning techniques (a branch of Machine Learning). We have validated this technology through simulations as well as in an online evaluation involving several hundreds of real users. Our results justify the application of this technology in state-of-the-art E-commerce portals.