Integration of Ecosystem Theories: A Pattern

This work presents an integration of ecosystem theories in such a way as to enable a full ecological and theoretical pattern to be presented. It shows that ecosystems and their reactions may be understood, provided that all basic systems ecology is applied to different aspects of the properties of ecosystem. Ongoing research and discussion on an international scale has greatly clarified and enhanced this pattern. The progress made since the previous edition of this text is presented as chapter 16 in this third, revised edition. It is shown that the integrated ecosystem theory presented can be applied to explain various ecological observations and rules.