Hard and Soft Tissue Remodelling After Endodontic Microsurgery

HARD AND SOFT TISSUE REMODELLING AFTER ENDODONTIC MICROSURGERYSurgical endodontic intervention has emerged over the past 150 years as a significant treatment modality in the retention of sound teeth. While the evolution of this treatment modality and the refinement of its principles have had a long and tumultuous history, biologically based and clinically updated directives have emerged. Furthermore, the endodontic literature has ceased to support a litany of indications for surgical applications. With magnification through the use of the surgical operating microscope, refined principles of soft and hard tissue management, use of tissue regenerative root-end filling materials and enhanced principles of wound closure and postoperative management, surgical endodontics has emerged as a highly predictable and relatively painless procedure. The impetus for the evolution of contemporary surgical endodontic principles came from a better understanding of the challenges faced in enlarging, shaping, cleaning, disinfecting and obturating the complex and unpredictable anatomy of the root canal system-an anatomy that beguiles even the most astute and experienced clinician.