Clay Liners

The study of earthen barriers or clay liners has become very important in the field of geo-environmental engineering. The design of clay liners is based on the fact that leachate migration through clay liners depends on their hydraulic conductivity (k). Hence, a low hydraulic conductivity (k) is an important parameter in the design of clay liners. Compacted expansive clays or montmorillonite clays have a very low hydraulic conductivity. When expansive clays or montmorillonite clays are blended with fly ash (which is stabilization of the clay with fly ash), an industrial waste, the hydraulic conductivity further reduces as the fly ash-clay blends result in increased dry densities at increased fly ash contents. Hence, fly ash-stabilised expansive clay can also be proposed as an innovative clay liner material. This book presents a comprehensive review on clay liners.